Low back and neck pain assessment
Lumbar disc herniation, neck pain and spinal curvatures
Low back and neck pain is very common and is usually not caused by a serious disease; most cases ease within a few weeks. The aim of the orthopaedic assessment is to identify the likely source of the pain, distinguish conditions that need further investigation and put together a suitable treatment plan.
Examination
The doctor asks when the pain started, whether it spreads to the leg or arm, and whether there is any numbness or weakness. The examination assesses spinal movement and posture, as well as signs of nerve compression (reflexes, sensation and muscle strength).
Imaging is not needed for every case of back or neck pain. An X-ray or MRI is requested depending on how long the complaint has lasted, the examination findings and whether there are any warning signs. Because the disc herniations and disc changes seen on MRI are also found in many people without pain, images are interpreted together with the examination findings.
Orthopaedic follow-up of scoliosis is done by measuring the curve angle on a standing X-ray. Exercise treatment is described on the Scoliosis treatment page.
Treatment
Treatment is mostly based on keeping moving, pain control and exercise. When physiotherapy is needed, the programme is planned jointly by the orthopaedic specialist and the physiotherapist. Surgery is considered only in selected cases; in that case, the patient is referred to the relevant centre.
When should you seek urgent care?
- Being unable to control or pass urine or stools
- Numbness in the groin and around the bottom
- Progressive weakness in both legs
- Back pain accompanied by fever or unexplained weight loss
- Pain that started after a serious fall or accident
If any of these apply, go to the nearest emergency department.